NETStudy 2.0 Minnesota: Foster Care Background Check Guide

The background study is one of the most anxiety-inducing parts of the Minnesota foster care licensing process, and it's usually anxiety based on incomplete information. Most people with minor past histories — a dismissed charge, an old misdemeanor, a years-ago DUI — either panic and assume they're disqualified, or assume it won't matter and are then surprised when it delays their application. Neither approach helps.

Here's how the process actually works.

What NETStudy 2.0 Is

NETStudy 2.0 is Minnesota's electronic background study system, managed under Minnesota Statutes Chapter 245C. It's the mechanism by which the state — now under DCYF — vets all prospective foster parents and household members age 13 and older before a license is issued.

The system was created to improve accuracy and consistency over older paper-based processes. It links photograph and social security number verification with fingerprint records to confirm that the person working in a program is actually the person who was fingerprinted. This prevents identity substitution, which was a vulnerability in earlier systems.

Who Must Complete a Background Study

Every household member age 13 and older must participate in a background study. Adult household members are fingerprinted. This includes:

• The primary applicant(s) for the foster care license
• A spouse or domestic partner
• Any other adult who lives in the home, whether or not they are related to the foster parent

Household members age 13 and older must also authorize a background check, though the scope differs for minors. Children age 13 and older are checked against the maltreatment registry but are not fingerprinted.

The Fingerprinting Process

Adult household members must be fingerprinted at an authorized location. In Minnesota, IdentoGo is the primary provider of fingerprinting services for NETStudy 2.0 background studies. You'll schedule an appointment through the IdentoGo website, pay the fingerprinting fee, and have your fingerprints captured electronically (no ink required).

Your county or agency will initiate the background study through NETStudy 2.0, and you'll receive an authorization to complete fingerprinting. Don't attempt to schedule fingerprinting before receiving your study authorization — the system needs to be activated on the agency side first.

Fingerprints are submitted to:

• The Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) for state criminal history records
• The FBI for a national criminal history search under the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act

What Gets Checked

NETStudy 2.0 runs a multi-layered search that goes well beyond criminal history:

Minnesota Child Maltreatment Report (MNCMR): Any substantiated findings of child abuse or neglect in Minnesota's child protection system are checked. A substantiated maltreatment finding is more likely to result in disqualification than an old minor criminal offense.

Predatory Offender Registry: The state's registry of sex offenders and other high-risk individuals.

Out-of-state Child Abuse and Neglect Registry (CANR) checks: If you or any adult household member has lived outside of Minnesota in the past five years, the state must request a CANR check from every state you lived in. Each state has its own process and timeline. This is often the longest step in the entire background study — some states take weeks or months to respond. If you've lived in multiple states recently, get your background study initiated as early in the process as possible.

Other checks: The system also runs checks against state and federal databases for additional disqualifying history.

Understanding Disqualifications

Chapter 245C lays out which offenses disqualify an individual from foster care. They fall into three categories:

Permanent disqualifications: Certain serious offenses, including murder, sexual assault, and high-level felony child abuse, usually result in a permanent bar. A permanent disqualification cannot be overcome through a variance.

Time-limited disqualifications: Certain offenses may disqualify an individual for 7, 10, or 15 years, depending on the offense and the applicable Chapter 245C rules.

Non-disqualifying history: Not every offense results in disqualification. A decades-old misdemeanor may appear in the background check but may not technically disqualify you. Many applicants delay or abandon their applications because they assume past history will disqualify them when it legally wouldn't.

The Variance Process

When a disqualification exists but is not permanent, individuals may request a variance — a review process that can result in licensing despite the disqualification. Variances are granted by the county or state when the individual can demonstrate:

• Rehabilitation since the disqualifying event
• Evidence that they do not pose a risk to children in their specific care environment

Variances are more commonly granted in kinship placements where the child's established bond with the relative is a significant protective factor. They are not automatic and require documentation, often including character letters, evidence of treatment completion, and a written case for why the variance is appropriate.

If you have history that might trigger the variance process, be upfront about it with your county agency from the start. Attempting to conceal prior history can create a separate licensing problem and delay the study. Disclose it so the agency can tell you what documentation and review steps apply.

Common Reasons for Background Study Delays

Missing prior names or addresses: The NETStudy 2.0 system cross-references names and addresses against records. If you've used a maiden name, a name from a prior marriage, or an alias — and don't list all of them — the study can be delayed or require correction. List every name you've ever used and every address from the past five years.

Out-of-state CANR delays: As noted above, waiting on responses from other states is the most common cause of multi-month delays. There's no way to speed up another state's process, but knowing this in advance helps set expectations.

Incomplete authorization: Household members who haven't completed fingerprinting create a bottleneck. Make sure every adult in the home completes their fingerprinting promptly after their authorization is issued.

Technical issues with the NETStudy 2.0 system: The system has experienced implementation difficulties since its launch. If something seems stuck or you haven't received a status update in several weeks, follow up directly with your county licensing worker.

The Minnesota Foster Care Licensing Guide includes a detailed breakdown of how to navigate the NETStudy 2.0 process, what to gather before your study is initiated, and how to handle past history without derailing your application.

See more Minnesota guides →