Foster to Adopt Hawaii: How Adoption from Foster Care Works

Foster care and adoption are different legal processes in Hawaii, but they frequently intersect. Many of the children who are ultimately adopted in Hawaii were first in foster care, and many resource caregivers who began with no intention of adopting ended up adopting the children placed with them.

If your goal from the start is to adopt, here is what you need to understand about how Hawaii's foster-to-adopt pathway actually works.

The Fundamental Distinction: Foster Care Is Not Pre-Adoption

This is the most important thing to understand clearly before beginning the process: foster care in Hawaii is legally oriented toward reunification, not adoption. When a child enters CWS custody, the state's mandate — under both federal law and HRS §587A — is to make reasonable efforts to reunify the child with their biological family.

This means most children who enter foster care will not be available for adoption. They will be reunified with a parent, placed with a relative, or achieve permanency through legal guardianship. The timeframe varies by case.

If you apply to be a resource caregiver expecting that the child placed with you will be yours to adopt, you will likely be disappointed. That expectation also puts pressure on placements in ways that are harmful to children who are still processing the trauma of removal and still have a relationship with their birth family.

The realistic foster-to-adopt path in Hawaii works like this: you become a licensed resource caregiver, care for children placed with you, and some of those children eventually reach a point where the court has terminated parental rights and adoption becomes the permanency goal. Resource and relative caregivers are the primary adoptive pool, but any case-specific priority should be confirmed with DHS.

Concurrent Planning

Hawaii DHS uses concurrent planning — an approach that runs two tracks simultaneously. While the department works toward reunification with birth parents, it also develops a backup permanency plan (often adoption or legal guardianship) in case reunification fails.

Concurrent planning affects resource caregivers directly. From early in a placement, you may know that if reunification is not achieved, you are the planned adoptive family. This is both emotionally complex and legally significant. It means you are simultaneously supporting a child's connection with their birth family while also forming a bond that may become permanent.

Handling concurrent planning well requires honesty with yourself about what both outcomes look like and genuine commitment to the child's best interest — which includes their relationship with their biological family — regardless of the eventual legal outcome.

When Termination of Parental Rights Occurs

If reunification efforts fail and the court determines that termination of parental rights (TPR) is in the child's best interest, the case shifts to an adoption or guardianship goal. Under Hawaii law, when TPR is ordered:

• The child becomes legally free for adoption
• Resource caregivers and relative caregivers may be considered as adoptive parents; confirm any case-specific priority with DHS
• The formal adoption process begins, including a final home study and court petition

For children who have been placed with you for an extended period, the existing resource family assessment may inform the adoption process after TPR, but confirm the required steps and timing with DHS.

Legal Guardianship as an Alternative

Not every case where reunification fails results in TPR and adoption. Legal guardianship is another permanency option — particularly for older youth who want a permanent family but also want to maintain a legal connection to their biological parents, or for kinship caregivers where cultural values make full legal severance of birth family ties feel wrong.

Under legal guardianship:

• The guardian assumes legal authority for the child's care and decisions
• Biological parents' rights are not formally terminated (though they do not have custody)
• The child typically ages out of state care and guardianship arrangement can be tailored to the family's situation

For many kinship caregivers — a grandparent caring for a grandchild whose parent is incapacitated but alive and known to the family — guardianship may be a more culturally appropriate outcome than adoption.

What Resource Caregivers Who Want to Adopt Should Do

If adoption is your long-term hope, the practical guidance is:

1. Become a licensed resource caregiver first. There is no "adoption-only" pathway through Hawaii's DHS foster system. Licensing comes first.

2. Be transparent with your DHS worker about your goals. You can express that you are open to adoption while also being genuinely committed to fostering with reunification as the primary goal. Ask DHS how any adoption openness is considered in case-specific matching; it does not guarantee a match.

3. Commit to genuinely supporting reunification. A resource caregiver who resists birth family visitation or undermines the case plan is not serving the child — and DHS workers notice. Families who have a reputation for cooperative, child-focused care are the ones workers choose for concurrent planning placements.

4. Understand the emotional journey. Foster-to-adopt means accepting that some children placed with you will go home to their birth family. That is the successful outcome the system is designed for. Grief at a reunification is understandable; bitterness that harms the child or the birth family is not acceptable.

Hawaii Adoption from Foster Care: Financial Considerations

Adoption assistance and related costs are case-specific. Ask DHS what financial, medical, or other assistance may apply to the child and what costs the adoptive family would be responsible for before proceeding.

The specific assistance available depends on the child's individual case and the applicable agreements. Your DHS worker will provide the details of what is available for a specific child as part of the adoption finalization process.

For everything you need to navigate the Hawaii foster care licensing process — from the initial application through the home study and placement — the Hawaii Foster Care Licensing Guide covers the full system in one place.

See more Hawaii guides →